Harvestmen: Opiliones Checklist
Arachnids from the order Opiliones are commonly called harvestmen, harvest spiders, shepherd spiders, or daddy-long-legs (not to be confused with Pholcidae). In Latin, opilio refers to “shepherd”. In England, they were called harvestmen because of a superstitious belief that there will be a bad harvest that year if one was killed.
Harvestmen are sometimes mistaken for spiders but can be easily differentiated by their fused body, while spiders have two distinct segments of their body — opisthosoma (abdomen) and prosoma (cephalothorax). As they lack venom glands, they pose no danger to humans. Harvestmen also lack the ability to produce silk, unlike spiders. Most harvestmen have exceptionally long legs with some recorded species exceeding 30cm in leg span.
Checklist
This page consists of a personal checklist of all Harvestmen that I’ve encountered over the years.
Many thanks to Adriano Kury, Shahan Derkarabetian, Matthew Lindsey, Miguel Medrano and harvestman-man for most of the identifications!
This page will be updated regularly, please let me know if you spot any mistakes.
View my Opiliones Flickr photo albums
- Opiliones Sundevall, 1833
- Assamiidae Sørensen, 1884
- Beloniscidae Kury, Pérez-González & Proud, 2019
- Biantidae Thorell, 1889
- Cosmetidae Koch, 1839
- Cranaidae Roewer, 1913
- Epedanidae Sørensen, 1886
- Podoctidae Roewer, 1912
- Sandokanidae Özdikmen & Kury, 2007
- Sclerosomatidae Simon, 1879
- Stylocellidae Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
- Tithaeidae Sharma & Giribet, 2011
References
- Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones by Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Glauco Machado and Gonzalo Giribet
- Opiliones Wiki
- World Catalogue of Opiliones
Region Filters
Click on any region to show only records from that region.
Phylum: Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848
Subphylum: Chelicerata Heymons, 1901
Class: Arachnida Lamarck, 1801
Order: Opiliones Sundevall, 1833
Suborder: Cyphophthalmi Simon, 1879
Superfamily: Stylocelloidea Hansen & Sørensen 1904
Family: Stylocellidae Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
Genus: Miopsalis Thorell, 1890
East Malaysia: Miopsalis sp.
East Malaysia: Miopsalis sp.
Suborder: Eupnoi Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
Superfamily: Phalangioidea Latreille, 1802
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6099894
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6099898
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6090452
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6090441
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6088763
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6088761
Ecuador: Phalangioidea P6090369
Family: Sclerosomatidae Simon, 1879
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6101164
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6100579
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6088779
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6088775
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6089187
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae PC252319
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6067903
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6067905
West Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae DSC_9563
West Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae DSC_9559
East Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae DSC_5585
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6143516
West Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae P3165074
West Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae P3165083
West Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae P3165019
West Malaysia: Sclerosomatidae P3165023
Ecuador: Sclerosomatidae P6090373
Subfamily: Gagrellinae Thorell, 1889
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae DSC_2738
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae DSC_2736
Singapore: Gagrellinae DSC_2929
Singapore: Gagrellinae DSC_2922
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae DSC_4629
West Malaysia: Gagrellinae DSC_5649
West Malaysia: Gagrellinae P8288234
West Malaysia: Gagrellinae P8288231
Singapore: Gagrellinae P2124112
Singapore: Gagrellinae P2124112
West Malaysia: Gagrellinae DSC_8871
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052887
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052636
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052651
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052578
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052595
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052731
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052737
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052943
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7052944
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7063337
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7063343
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7095562
East Malaysia: Gagrellinae P7095569
Genus: Chasenella Roewer, 1955
Singapore: cf. Chasenella sp. DSC_3875
Singapore: cf. Chasenella sp. DSC_3643
Singapore: cf. Chasenella sp. DSC_1548
Singapore: cf. Chasenella sp. DSC_1541
Singapore: Chasenella sp. DSC_1554
Singapore: Chasenella sp. DSC_1550
Genus: Dentobunus Roewer, 1910
Singapore: Dentobunus sp. P2056834
Singapore: Dentobunus sp. P2056821
Singapore: Dentobunus quadridentatus Roewer, 1923
Singapore: Dentobunus quadridentatus Roewer, 1923
East Malaysia: Dentobunus sp. P7063240
East Malaysia: Dentobunus sp. P7063246
East Malaysia: Dentobunus sp. P7074055b
East Malaysia: Dentobunus sp. P7074067
Genus: Gagrella Stoliczka, 1869
Singapore: Gagrella thaiensis Suzuki, 1982
Singapore: Gagrella thaiensis Suzuki, 1982
Singapore: Gagrella sp. P2113989
Singapore: Gagrella sp. P2113986
Singapore: Gagrella cf. spinacantha (Roewer, 1936)
Genus: Harmandina Schenkel, 1953
Singapore: Harmandina cf. sinensis Schenkel, 1953
West Malaysia: Harmandina sinensis Schenkel, 1953
Genus: Marthana Thorell, 1891
West Malaysia: Marthana sp. DSC_4362
West Malaysia: Marthana sp. DSC_4356
East Malaysia: Marthana columnaris Thorell, 1891
East Malaysia: Marthana columnaris Thorell, 1891
Genus: Melanopella Roewer, 1931
Indonesia: Melanopella cf. feuerborni Roewer, 1931
Indonesia: Melanopella cf. feuerborni Roewer, 1931
Genus: Pseudogagrella Redikorzev, 1936
East Malaysia: Pseudogagrella sp. DSC_9788
East Malaysia: Pseudogagrella sp. DSC_9783
East Malaysia: Pseudogagrella sp. DSC_4466
East Malaysia: Pseudogagrella sp. DSC_4606
Singapore: Pseudogagrella amamiana (Nakatsuji, 1942)
Singapore: Pseudogagrella amamiana (Nakatsuji, 1942)
Singapore: Pseudogagrella sp. P2113847
Singapore: Pseudogagrella sp. P2124017
West Malaysia: Pseudogagrella splendens (With, 1903)
East Malaysia: Pseudogagrella sp. DSC_4954
Subfamily: Leiobuninae Banks, 1893
East Malaysia: Leiobuninae P7084302
East Malaysia: Leiobuninae P7084307
East Malaysia: Leiobuninae DSC_9847
East Malaysia: Leiobuninae DSC_9842
Singapore: Leiobuninae DSC_3875
Singapore: Leiobuninae DSC_3875
Belize: Leiobuninae DSC_8873
Singapore: Leiobuninae DSC_7963
Ecuador: Leiobuninae P6111570
Ecuador: Leiobuninae P6111572
Singapore: cf. Leiobuninae P4235206
Family: Phalangiidae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily: Opilioninae C.L.Koch, 1839
Genus: Opilio Herbst, 1798
Netherlands: Opilio canestrinii (Thorell, 1876)
Suborder: Dyspnoi Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
Suborder: Laniatores Thorell, 1876
Singapore: Laniatores DSC_9776
Infraorder: Grassatores Kury, 2002
Singapore: Grassatores PC252319
Ecuador: Grassatores P6100908
Ecuador: Grassatores P6154339
Superfamily: Assamioidea Sørensen, 1884
Family: Assamiidae Sørensen, 1884
East Malaysia: Assamiidae P7095410
East Malaysia: Assamiidae P7095540
Subfamily: Dampetrinae Sørensen, 1886
Genus: Metahyamus Roewer, 1923
East Malaysia: Metahyamus variedentatus Suzuki, 1976
Subfamily: Hypoxestinae Roewer, 1935
Singapore: Hypoxestinae
Singapore: Hypoxestinae
Superfamily: Epedanoidea Sørensen, 1886
Family: Beloniscidae Kury, Pérez-González & Proud, 2019
Genus: Beloniscus Thorell, 1891
Singapore: Beloniscus albiephippiatus Roewer, 1917
Singapore: Beloniscus albiephippiatus Roewer, 1917
Singapore: Beloniscus sp. DSC_6916
Singapore: Beloniscus sp. DSC_6912
Family: Epedanidae Sørensen, 1886
East Malauysia: Epedanidae DSC_2847
East Malauysia: Epedanidae DSC_2853
West Malaysia: Epedanidae DSC_0414
West Malaysia: Epedanidae DSC_0415
Singapore: Epedanidae DSC_0360
Singapore: Epedanidae DSC_0357
Singapore: Epedanidae P2124080
Singapore: Epedanidae P2124085
West Malaysia: Epedanidae P3175491
West Malaysia: Epedanidae P3175494
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7052671
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7052676
Singapore: Epedanidae DSC_3188
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7063300
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7063309
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7074041
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7074051
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7084587
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7084608
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7095490
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7095487
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7095455
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7095445
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7084654
East Malaysia: Epedanidae P7084655
Subfamily: Acrobuninae
Genus: Metacrobunus Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Metacrobunus macrochelis Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Metacrobunus macrochelis Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Metacrobunus macrochelis Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Metacrobunus macrochelis Roewer, 1915
Family: Podoctidae Roewer, 1912
East Malaysia: Podoctidae P7084534
East Malaysia: Podoctidae P7084549
East Malaysia: Podoctidae P7095528
East Malaysia: Podoctidae P7095505
Subfamily: Podoctinae Roewer, 1912
East Malaysia: Podoctinae DSC_6935
East Malaysia: Podoctinae DSC_6943b
Genus: Baso Roewer, 1923
Singapore: Baso sp. DSC_1981
Singapore: Baso sp. DSC_1981
Genus: Hoplodino Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Hoplodino continentalis Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Hoplodino continentalis Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Hoplodino continentalis Roewer, 1915
Singapore: Hoplodino continentalis Roewer, 1915
East Malaysia: Hoplodino sp. DSC_6935
East Malaysia: Hoplodino sp. DSC_6943
East Malaysia: Hoplodino sp. DSC_8594
East Malaysia: Hoplodino sp. DSC_8590
Family: Sandokanidae Özdikmen & Kury, 2007
Genus: Gnomulus Thorell, 1890
Singapore: Gnomulus sp. P7216598
Singapore: Gnomulus sp. P8214944
East Malaysia: Gnomulus sp. P7095429
East Malaysia: Gnomulus sp. P7095436
Genus: Sandokan Özdikmen & Kury, 2007
Sandokan has only one tarsomere on each leg.
Singapore: Sandokan truncatus (Thorell 1891)
Singapore: Sandokan truncatus (Thorell 1891)
Family: Tithaeidae Sharma & Giribet, 2011
Singapore: Tithaeidae P4235202
Singapore: Tithaeidae P2113818
Indonesia: cf. Tithaeus sp.
East Malaysia: Tithaeidae P7052642
East Malaysia: Tithaeidae P7052626
East Malaysia: Tithaeidae P7052646
East Malaysia: Tithaeidae P7074015b
East Malaysia: Tithaeidae P7073940
Superfamily: Gonyleptoidea Sundevall, 1833
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6143044b
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6143044b
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6143104
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6143107
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6154497
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6154492
Ecuador: Gonyleptoidea P6154477
Family: Cosmetidae Koch, 1839
Ecuador: Cosmetidae P6077982
Ecuador: Cosmetidae P6077982
Ecuador: Cosmetidae P6143605
Ecuador: Cosmetidae P6143606
Ecuador: Cosmetidae P6154973
Ecuador: Cosmetidae P6154976
Subfamily: Cosmetinae C.L. Koch, 1839
Belize: Cosmetinae ESC_0131
Belize: Cosmetinae ESC_0142
Genus: Cynortula Roewer, 1912
Peru: Cynortula bolivari Roewer, 1952
Peru: Cynortula bolivari Roewer, 1952
Genus: Erginulus Roewer, 1912
Belize: Erginulus subserialis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905
Acromares vittatum Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 or
Erginulus clavotibialis (Pickard-Cambridge 1905)
Belize: Erginulus subserialis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905
Acromares vittatum Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942 or
Erginulus clavotibialis (Pickard-Cambridge 1905)
Belize: Erginulus sp. DSC_7736
Belize: Erginulus sp. DSC_7742
Genus: Meterginus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905
Ecuador: Meterginus serratus Roewer, 1912
Ecuador: Meterginus serratus Roewer, 1912
Genus: Taito Kury & Barros, 2014
Peru: Taito insperatus (Soares, 1970)
Subfamily: Discosomaticinae Roewer, 1923
Genus: Sibambea Roewer, 1917
Ecuador: Sibambea rotunda Roewer, 1917
Ecuador: Sibambea rotunda Roewer, 1917
Family: Cranaidae Roewer, 1913
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143495
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6154890
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143244
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143256
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143455
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143683
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143384
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143388
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6089515
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143399
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143524
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143527
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6122408
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6122411
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143332
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143322
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6154157
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6154155
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143460
Ecuador: Cranaidae P6143457
Subfamily: Cranainae Roewer, 1913
Genus: Clinocippus Roewer, 1932
Ecuador: Clinocippus albater Roewer, 1932
Ecuador: Clinocippus albater Roewer, 1932
Genus: Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913
Ecuador: Phareicranaus arthrocentricus (Mello-Leitão, 1943)
Ecuador: Phareicranaus arthrocentricus (Mello-Leitão, 1943)
Ecuador: Phareicranaus sp. P6089106
Ecuador: Phareicranaus sp. P6089110
Subfamily: Heterocranainae Roewer, 1913
Genus: Heterocranaus Roewer, 1913
Ecuador: Heterocranaus lutescens (Roewer, 1919)
Ecuador: Heterocranaus lutescens (Roewer, 1919)
Superfamily: Samooidea Sørensen, 1886
Family: Biantidae Thorell, 1889
Subfamily: Biantinae Thorell, 1889
Genus: Biantes Simon, 1885
Singapore: Biantes sp. DSC_9951
Singapore: Biantes sp. DSC_9951
Subfamily: Lacurbsinae Lawrence, 1959
Singapore: cf. Lacurbsinae
Infraorder: Insidiatores Loman, 1900
Superfamily: Travunioidea Absolon & Kratochvil, 1932
Family: Paranonychidae Briggs, 1971
Ultraviolet Fluorescence
Singapore: Epedanidae DSC_3260
Singapore: Epedanidae DSC_3204
Singapore: Hoplodino continentalis Roewer, 1915
Belize: Erginulus subserialis F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905
East Malaysia: Metahyamus variedentatus Suzuki, 1976
Singapore: Epedanidae DSC_2734b
Ecuador: cf. Cranaidae IMG_20220613_222955
Singapore: Cranaidae IMG_20220614_234524x
Randy Thill Thill
wow! Thank you for the lesson and beautiful photos this morning!